What is cytochrome c oxidase (CCO)?
Cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) is a vital enzyme in the mitochondrial respiratory chain that drives ATP production.
CCO acts as the final electron acceptor during cellular respiration, directly impacting a cell’s energy output. Red light wavelengths, particularly 650 nm wavelengths, have been shown to stimulate CCO activity, making it central to Photobiomodulation (PBMT) effects.
By enhancing CCO activity in scalp tissues, red light therapy can help increase ATP production in hair follicle cells, improving the cellular environment for hair regrowth and follicle vitality.
Related terms
Growth Factors
Mechanisms of Action
Growth factors are naturally occurring proteins that stimulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and healing.
Nitric oxide (NO) release
Mechanisms of Action
Nitric oxide release refers to the production of nitric oxide molecules that help regulate blood flow and cellular communication.
Dermal Papilla Cells
Mechanisms of Action
Dermal papilla cells are specialized cells located at the base of each hair follicle that regulate hair growth by interacting with surrounding stem cells and signaling molecules.
Oxidative stress
Mechanisms of Action
Oxidative stress is a condition where an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants leads to cellular damage.
