What is cytochrome c oxidase (CCO)?
Cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) is a vital enzyme in the mitochondrial respiratory chain that drives ATP production.
CCO acts as the final electron acceptor during cellular respiration, directly impacting a cell’s energy output. Red light wavelengths, particularly 650 nm wavelengths, have been shown to stimulate CCO activity, making it central to Photobiomodulation (PBMT) effects.
By enhancing CCO activity in scalp tissues, red light therapy can help increase ATP production in hair follicle cells, improving the cellular environment for hair regrowth and follicle vitality.
Related terms
Nitric oxide (NO) release
Mechanisms of Action
Nitric oxide release refers to the production of nitric oxide molecules that help regulate blood flow and cellular communication.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
Mechanisms of Action
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are unstable molecules containing oxygen that can cause cellular damage at high concentrations.
Dermal Papilla Cells
Mechanisms of Action
Dermal papilla cells are specialized cells located at the base of each hair follicle that regulate hair growth by interacting with surrounding stem cells and signaling molecules.
Mitochondria
Mechanisms of Action
increasing ATP production and supporting improved cellular repair and regeneration.
Because hair follicles are highly energy-dependent
