What is cytochrome c oxidase (CCO)?
Cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) is a vital enzyme in the mitochondrial respiratory chain that drives ATP production.
CCO acts as the final electron acceptor during cellular respiration, directly impacting a cell’s energy output. Red light wavelengths, particularly 650 nm wavelengths, have been shown to stimulate CCO activity, making it central to Photobiomodulation (PBMT) effects.
By enhancing CCO activity in scalp tissues, red light therapy can help increase ATP production in hair follicle cells, improving the cellular environment for hair regrowth and follicle vitality.
Related terms
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
Mechanisms of Action
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are unstable molecules containing oxygen that can cause cellular damage at high concentrations.
Growth Factors
Mechanisms of Action
Growth factors are naturally occurring proteins that stimulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and healing.
Oxidative stress
Mechanisms of Action
Oxidative stress is a condition where an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants leads to cellular damage.
Androgen Receptors
Mechanisms of Action
Androgen receptors are proteins inside cells that bind to male hormones like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), influencing hair follicle behavior and sensitivity.
